Local file inclusion vulnerabilities are often confused with directory traversal (path traversal), which is similar but not synonymous: Note that if the attacker can include a malicious file from a remote location, we are talking about a remote file inclusion (RFI) vulnerability. For example, if an application is designed to display an arbitrary image based on a URL parameter, but an attacker is able to use this functionality to display application source code, that application has an LFI vulnerability. Local file inclusion vulnerabilities happen when a malicious user can include an arbitrary file name or path in user input. In the case of scripting languages like PHP, developers may also need to dynamically include files that contain source code. For example, if the application is to display images uploaded by users, the author of the application may decide to allow arbitrary names for these images. To access non-static files, developers commonly pass filenames via user input parameters. For example, developers may want to include configuration files and application modules or to access and display files uploaded by users, such as images or text files. When writing web applications, developers often need to access additional server-side files located in the application directory or its subdirectories. Local file inclusion (LFI) is a web vulnerability that lets a malicious hacker access, view, and/or include files located in the web server file system within the document root folder. Local file inclusion (LFI) What is local file inclusion?
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